Application of bromelain in various industries.

Bromelain, is a pure natural plant protease prepared by biotechnology from the skin, stem and core of pineapple fruit. It is light yellow amorphous powder with slight specific odor. Its molecular weight is 33000 and its isoelectric point is 9.55. It belongs to sparse protease. Its active center is sparse (- SH), which can carry out various biochemical reactions such as protein hydrolysis. Bromelain is a natural, non-toxic and harmless, Sanitary and safe protease, which can be used for beer clarification, medicinal digestion, anti-inflammatory and detumescence, etc.

Bromelain is an enzyme system composed of a variety of enzymes with different molecular weights and molecular structures, including at least five protein hydrolases. In addition, some also contain phosphatase, peroxidase, cellulase, other glycosidases and non protein substances.

Bromelain is a glycoprotein, which contains an oligosaccharide molecule in its molecular structure. It is composed of xylose (xy1), fucose (fuc), mannose (man) and N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc). It is covalently connected to the peptide chain. Ishihara and Yasuda speculated the structure of sugar molecule respectively.

The maximum absorption wavelength of bromelain was 280 nm. Because it is composed of a variety of enzyme molecules, it has diversity in catalytic substrates. It can decompose proteins, peptides, lipids and amides, and its protein hydrolysis activity is more than 10 times higher than that of papain. The essential group catalyzed by bromelain is not sugar molecule, but sulfhydryl group in the peptide chain; In addition, the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups in the molecular structure of bromelain were also independent of the enzyme activity.

The catalytic activity of bromelain is easily affected by pH, temperature, metal ions, EDTA and reducing agents. Mg and Ca can inhibit bromelain activity at high concentration, but promote it at low concentration; The results showed that Ca could promote the activity of 5-10 m mol / LCA enzyme after interacting with the enzyme for 1h, and the promoting effect was the most obvious when the concentration of Ca was 2 m mol / L. The activity of bromelain can be reduced by chelating bromelain with EDTA ions. Cysteine hydrochloride can promote the speed of enzyme reaction in a certain concentration range: when the concentration is too low, the promoting effect is weakened; When the concentration is too high, it shows inhibitory effect, which may be related to the structural changes of other groups of the enzyme caused by reduction.

1. Baked food: adding bromelain to the dough can degrade the gluten, and the dough is easy to process after being softened. And can improve the taste and quality of biscuits and bread.

2. Cheese: used to coagulate casein.

3. Tenderization of meat: bromelain hydrolyzes the macromolecular protein of meat protein into easily absorbed small molecular amino acids and proteins. It can be widely used in the finishing of meat products.

4. The application of bromelain in other food processing industries, some people have used bromelain to increase the PDI value and NSI value of soybean cake and soybean powder, so as to produce soluble protein products and breakfast, cereal food and beverage containing soybean powder. Others include the production of dehydrated beans, baby food and margarine; Clarified apple juice; Making fudge; Provide digestible food for patients; Add flavor to daily food, etc.

1. Inhibit the growth of tumor cells: the observation of relevant clinical studies shows that bromelain can inhibit the growth of tumor cells.

2. Prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases: bromelain, as a proteolytic enzyme, is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. It can inhibit the heart attack and stroke caused by platelet aggregation, alleviate the symptoms of angina pectoris, ease arterial contraction and accelerate the decomposition of fibrinogen.

3. For burn eschar removal: bromelain can selectively remove the skin, so that the new skin transplantation can be carried out as soon as possible. Animal experiments have proved that bromelain has no adverse effects on adjacent normal skin. Local use of antibiotics did not affect the effect of bromelain.

4, anti-inflammatory effect: bromelain can effectively treat inflammation and edema (including thrombophlebitis, skeletal muscle injury, hematoma, stomatitis, diabetes ulcer and sports injury) in various tissues. Bromelain has the potential to activate inflammatory response. Bromelain can also treat diarrhea.

5. Improve drug absorption: the combination of bromelain and various antibiotics (such as tetracycline, amoxicillin, etc.) can improve its curative effect. Relevant studies have shown that it can promote the transmission of antibiotics at the infected site, so as to reduce the dosage of antibiotics. It is inferred that it has a similar effect on anticancer drugs. In addition, bromelain can promote the absorption of nutrients.

Bromelain has excellent effects of rejuvenating skin, whitening and removing spots. Basic principle of action: bromelain can act on the aging cuticle of human skin, promote its degradation, decomposition and removal, promote skin metabolism and reduce skin color depth caused by sunlight. Make the skin look white and tender.

Adding bromelain into the feed formula or directly mixing it in the feed can greatly improve the utilization and conversion rate of protein, and develop a wider protein source, so as to reduce the feed cost.

Bromelain is a bioactive substance, which is easy to be inhibited and destroyed by heavy metal ions (Fe2 plus , Cu2 plus , Hg plus , Pb plus ) and oxidants. Contact with bromelain should be avoided. For some sensitive people, if they are exposed for a long time, it may stimulate the skin, eyes and nasal mucosa, so it is recommended to wear protective equipment during operation.

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